Mechanical vibrations (vibrations) are a physical phenomenon characterized by the spread of low-frequency acoustic vibrations in solid centers and their transfer to the human body through a specific part of the body that is in direct contact with the vibrating center (source of vibrations). Therefore, a conventional division of mechanical vibrations into general vibrations (they penetrate the body through the lower limbs, pelvis, and trunk) and local vibrations (they affect the body through the upper limbs) is used.

The introduction of impact tools in industry in the early 20th century created the problem of exposure to mechanical vibration. Since then, tools and technological processes that cause localized vibration exposure have been widely used in various industries, such as manufacturing, mining, construction, forestry, agriculture and public transport. In Poland, mechanical vibrations are the fourth harmful factor in the workplace in terms of the number of employees at risk.

Sources of local mechanical vibrations in the workplace are various machines and devices, such as pneumatic, hydraulic, diesel or electric powered tools, hand-held objects processed on stationary devices, and levers that control manually operated machines and vehicles. Some hand tools, such as hammers or saws, can generate high intensity vibrations that are transmitted through the upper limbs to the trunk and head, which can lead to excitation of resonant vibrations of internal organs.

Systematic exposure to mechanical vibrations can lead to permanent and irreversible changes in the body. The effects of vibration exposure include skeletal problems, such as back pain, and adverse changes in internal organs, such as the stomach, esophagus, chest, and vestibulocochlear organ. General vibration can also cause fatigue, coordination disorders, cardiovascular problems and other functional effects.

It was also particularly important to draw attention to the fact that the development of the disease occurs as a result of prolonged exposure to mechanical vibrations. Therefore, the key element of prevention is the elimination or minimization of workers’ exposure to these vibrations.

In addition to technical and organizational activities, appropriate education and training of employees also play an important role. Employees should be aware of the risks associated with exposure to mechanical vibrations and know the methods of protection and appropriate procedures to minimize the risk. Regular periodic examinations should also be carried out in order to detect possible health changes early.

In the event of symptoms of vibration disease, appropriate treatment and rehabilitation are necessary. Early diagnosis and intervention can help to stop or delay the progression of the disease and improve the patient’s quality of life.

In conclusion, the health effects of exposure of workers to mechanical vibration transmitted by the upper limbs can be serious and affect the skeletal system and internal organs. In order to protect employees, appropriate preventive measures should be applied, such as elimination of vibrations, application of anti-vibration protection measures as well as appropriate training and periodic examinations. Only a comprehensive approach can minimize the risk of vibration sickness and protect employees’ health.

Source: CIOP and BIP materials

Source:https://www.seka.pl/skutki-zdrowotne-narazenia-na-drgania/

Supported by Norway through Norway Grants 2014-2021, in the frame of the Programme “Social Dialogue – Decent Work”.